Skin Infections in Pets

Pyoderma, also known as "hot spots", are localized skin infections that are caused by a normal flora (bacterial) overgrowth. Humans and pets have a normal population of bacteria living on their skin that does not cause a problem until there’s an overgrowth. Staph is the most common bacteria that causes these skin infections. Trauma to the skin caused by scratching from allergies, clippers not properly disinfected, swimming, abnormal behavior, and a matted hair coat can all cause hot spots. The most common symptoms are: itchiness (pruritus), redness, scabs, and a foul odor. Surface pyodermas may show as areas of redness and irritation; often developing into raised, round scabs. Deep pyoderma can make pets systemically ill and produce abscesses and oozing; so if you see the wound growing rather than improving after a couple of days, it’s time to seek veterinary care.

It is always important to find the underlying cause of the infection whether it is allergies, recent grooming, an  ear infection , or fleas. Taking care of the reason why the pet is scratching or developing hot spots is as important as treating them.  The veterinarian will often clip and clean the area, which allows air to dry the skin infection and promote healing. Leaving the hair over the infection will trap moisture and allow the bacteria to have a good environment to multiply.

There are many ways to treat pyoderma, so taking your pet to the veterinarian for an exam is important. The treatment methods can include topical antibiotic or steroids, systemic antibiotics or steroids, or anti-inflammatories. A flea medication may be warranted if that is the root cause.  In addition, or antihistamines may be used if the predisposing cause is allergies.  It is important to tell the veterinarian if the pet is on any medications and if you have noticed and changes in behavior, activity, pain, or irritability with the hot spots.  Keeping your pet from licking, scratching or rubbing the hot spot is vital, so purchasing an Elizabethan collar may be necessary to prevent further trauma.

This article is written for the Seville Wadsworth Veterinary Clinic by Amanda Bell, RVT

Published and edited by Jeffrey R. Fink D.V.M.